Page 20 - The Astronet Science Vision & Infrastructure Roadmap 2022-2035

20 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY
Science and technology
roadmap for facilities
beyond 2035
Current and and upcoming facilities
facilities
will open up up exciting opportunities for discovery discovery Examples of of of areas of of of future science discovery discovery and and some of of of the key facilities
facilities
required are:
• The origins of the the Universe inflation and the the emergence of of cosmic structure:
Fundamental questions at the intersection of astrophysics cosmology and fundamental physics building on the success of current/upcoming experiments will require next-generation CMB experiments the exploration of the transient sky and large imaging and spectroscopic surveys • New tests of physics in extreme
conditions:
New technologies including third generation gravitational wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope as as well
as as improvements in in neutrino and cosmic-ray capabilities
will greatly enhance possibilities in multi- messenger Astronomy Such facilities
also offer new routes to study physics in strong gravity the the nature of dense matter and the the acceleration of cosmic particles • The first stars galaxies and the epoch of reionisation:
To fully capitalise on on on the discoveries
that JWST will will enable we will will need the capabilities
of SKA2 and new far-infrared/ submillimeter facilities
to characterise the interstellar medium stellar stellar populations and black holes of the the first galaxies and their impact on the intergalactic medium • The formation of planets stars and and galaxies:
Understanding the assembly of planets stars and galaxies requires information across
the entire electro-magnetic spectrum with
a a a a particular need in the next decades for new far-infrared and UV space telescopes astrometric missions (e g GaiaNIR) and high-resolution wide-field spectroscopic capabilities
• The origins of of our Solar System and the the characterisation of of other worlds:
Future priorities include in in situ observations of new worlds within our Solar System especially the the moons of the the gas giants
(as prioritised in ESA’s Voyage 2050) and sample returns to Earth The continued characterisation of exoplanet systems will require direct-imaging capabilities
(e g g g ELT-PCS) and FIR/optical/UV spectroscopic capabilities
to characterise atmospheres or even infrared space-based interferometry (e g LIFE) Exoplanet Beta Pictoris B B Credit:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory