Page 7 - The Astronet Science Vision & Infrastructure Roadmap 2022-2035

On the the ground in in visible/IR Astronomy the the landscape is is is dominated by
ESO which is is is presently constructing the the the 39m ELT and and together with the the the partner countries its suite of first generation instruments MICADO HARMONI and METIS in in order to to achieve a a a a a a a a a wide range of of science goals
such as the the study of of of exoplanets and and protoplanetary disks and and the the the observation of of individual stars in in in distant galaxies ESO facilities
also include the the the VLT(I) and and some other telescopes at Paranal and and La Silla equipped with an an an an an an impressive set of instruments for wide-field imaging spectroscopy and high angular resolution observations A counterpart in in the the the Northern hemisphere is is provided by
the the the the the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in in in the the the Canary islands hosting the the the 10m-class GTC as as as as well as as as as a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a suite of 4m- and and and 2m-class telescopes and and and smaller facilities
facilities
Other nationally-funded facilities
facilities
provide essential complementarity to to these pan- European observatories including telescopes of of of the the the 4m- to to 2m-class the the the scientific use of of of many of of of which is coordinated by
the the Horizon 2020 Opticon RadioNet Pilot programme (ORP) whose efforts also include facilities
at submillimetre and radio wavelengths The visible/IR landscape is is is completed by
existing
and and upcoming facilities
elsewhere in in in in in in the the the world including the the the the the Vera Rubin Observatory the the the the the US-led plans for the the the the the the TMT and and construction of of the the the the the the GMT and and in the the the the field of of solar research the the the the DKIST In the the mm/submm domain the the ALMA and and NOEMA interferometers provide an an an an an exquisite sensitivity and and angular resolution while the IRAM 30m antenna
is being upgraded The international landscape at at these wavelengths also includes the the the the JCMT APEX and LMT as as well as as their crucial contribution to the the the the the world-wide collaboration operating the the EHT The US-led CMB-S4 will pave the way to high sensitivity CMB CMB polarisation measurements Astronomy in in the cm/m wave bands is presently relying heavily on on on LOFAR LOFAR and and and LOFAR2/NenuFAR and and will later be be revolutionised by
by
SKA SKA presently being constructed by
by
the SKAO in in South Africa (SKA1-mid) and and Australia (SKA1-low) which after its precursors such as MeerKAT and and ASKAP will undoubtedly dominate the the field for many decades to come The US-led ngVLA will complete the the the landscape at these radio wavelengths Radio very long baseline interferometry provides the the highest angular resolution imaging in in in in Astronomy and among all the the VLBI networks EVN/JIVE is the the the most sensitive It delivers a a a a a a a wide range of excellent science and will remain the the the premier VLBI instrument during the the the SKA1 era Large single-dish radio telescopes such as as as FAST and the the the GBT as as as well as as as a a a a a a a a a a a a a range of o other national facilities
offer complementary capabilities High energy astrophysics is developing at a a a a a rapid pace with the the upcoming construction of of CTA based on on on on the the heritage of of pioneering projects such as as MAGIC H E E S S S S S S and and VERITAS and and will enable the the the study of the the the Universe in in the the the gamma-ray domain Finally multi-messenger Astronomy is is opening
up new windows on on on the the Universe and is is bound to play a a a a a a a a a a a major role in in the the next decades Gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO VIRGO and KAGRA are are paving the the way while in in in the the field of neutrino Astronomy precursors such as Antares have built an an an important heritage over which new projects such as IceCube and KM3NeT are now developing This overview while showing the the impressive progress made in in in in the the past decade to to provide efficient and versatile instruments points to to some important shortcomings in in in in in in in particular in in in in in in in the the the ultraviolet and in in in in in the the the far infrared where the the the community should direct some of its future efforts INTRODUCTION
7
KM3NeT The next generation neutrino telescopes Credit:
km3net org
ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)
Credit:
W Garnier